ISOMERISME

ISOMERISM

Existence of different compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formular. Depend to branching of carbon and location of functional group.

ISOMERS

Different compounds that have same molecular formula

There are two types of isomers; 

      1. Chain Isomer  -  

       different arrangement in carbon atoms leading to linear and branched chain

      2. Positional Isomer -

the basic carbon skeleton remains unchanged, but the functional groups are moved around on that skeleton.

 

Isomerism in alkanes

Molecular formula	Number of isomers	Structure name
CH4	(no isomer)	Methane
C2H6	(no isomer)	Ethane
C3H8	(no isomer)	Propane
C4H10	2	Butane               2-methylpropane
C5H12	3	Pentane             2-methylbutane             2,2-dimethylpropane

Isomerism in alkenes
 

Molecular formula	Number of isomers	Structure name
C2H4	(no isomer)	Ethene
C3H6	(no isomer)	Propene
C4H8	3	But-1-ene But-2-ene 2-methylpropene
C5H10	5	Pent-1-ene Pent-2-ene   2-methylbut-1-ene    3-methylbut-1-ene   2-methylbut-2-ene